Test Bank For An Introduction to the History of Psychology 7th Edition by B. R. Hergenhahn
Chapter_03
Multiple Choice |
1. Events following the death of Aristotle created a situation in which people sought:​  a. ​answers to questions concerning problems of everyday living  b. ​the first principles or universals that underlie physical reality  c. ​philosophical certainty  d. ​a solution to Zeno’s paradox ANSWER:  a DIFFICULTY:  factual REFERENCES:  Prologue |
2. The main target of skepticism was dogmatism. A dogmatist is anyone who:​  a. ​equates essences with verbal definitions  b. ​confuses names with real things  c. ​claims to have arrived at an indisputable truth  d. ​lives a life of excess instead of moderation ANSWER:  c DIFFICULTY:  factual REFERENCES:  After Aristotle |
3. In general, ____ promotes a suspension of belief in anything and ____ promotes a retreat from society.​  a. ​cynicism; skepticism  b. ​skepticism; cynicism  c. ​epicureans; stoics  d. ​stoics; epicureans ANSWER:  b DIFFICULTY:  factual REFERENCES:  After Aristotle |
4. The Skeptics suggested that by ____, one could avoid the frustration of being wrong.​  a. ​arriving at one’s beliefs very carefully  b. ​believing only in ideas held by the majority of people  c. ​following one’s own natural impulses  d. ​not believing in anything ANSWER:  d DIFFICULTY:  conceptual REFERENCES:  After Aristotle |
5. What did the Skeptics use as their guide(s) for living?​  a. ​philosophical truth, feelings, and convention  b. ​philosophical truth, sensations, and convention  c. ​sensations, feelings, and philosophical truth  d. ​sensations, feelings, and convention ANSWER:  d DIFFICULTY:  factual REFERENCES:  After Aristotle |
6. Which statement is most consistent with a Cynic’s point of view?​  a. ​People need rules and regulations by which to live their lives.  b. ​Anything natural is good.  c. ​Courage in the face of adversity is the highest virtue.  d. ​The only things worth living for are patriotism, sacrifices for others, and devotion to a common cause. ANSWER:  b DIFFICULTY:  applied REFERENCES:  After Aristotle |
7. Who was given the nickname “Cynic,” and lived a self-sufficient, publicly outrageous life?​  a. ​Antisthenes  b. ​Gorgias  c. ​Diogenes  d. ​Epicurus ANSWER:  c DIFFICULTY:  factual REFERENCES:  After Aristotle |
8. Who preferred naturalistic explanations to supernatural ones and earned the title, “Destroyer of Religion”?​  a. ​Antisthenes  b. ​Gorgias  c. ​Diogenes  d. ​Epicurus ANSWER:  d DIFFICULTY:  factual REFERENCES:  After Aristotle |
9. Hedonism, according to Epicurus, is:​  a. ​pleasure in having one’s basic needs satisfied and avoiding pain  b. ​avoiding pain at all costs  c. ​seeking extreme pleasure  d. ​attaining a relationship with a higher power ANSWER:  a DIFFICULTY:  conceptual REFERENCES:  After Aristotle |
10. ​For the ____, courage in the face of danger was considered the highest virtue.  a. ​Neoplatonist  b. ​Epicurean  c. ​Stoic  d. ​Cynic ANSWER:  c DIFFICULTY:  factual REFERENCES:  Philosophy in Rome |
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