Test Bank For A History of Modern Psychology 11th Edition

1. Define mechanism and describe how the idea of mechanism affected and was affected by physics, concepts of God, and the methods and findings of science. How was the concept of mechanism applied to human beings?​

ANSWER:   Answer not provided.​

POINTS:   1

2. Define determinism and reductionism and describe their relationship to the development of clocks and automata. Why was the mechanical clock the ideal metaphor for the spirit of mechanism?​

ANSWER:   Answer not provided.​

POINTS:   1

3. Describe Descartes’ views of the mind-body problem and his major contributions to the beginnings of modern science, particularly psychology.​

ANSWER:   Answer not provided.​

POINTS:   1

NOTES:   WWW

4. Define positivism, materialism, and empiricism and discuss the contributions of each to the emerging science of psychology.​

ANSWER:   Answer not provided.​

POINTS:   1

5. Describe the general contributions of empiricism to psychology, supporting your selection of each contribution with specific examples from the thought of Locke, Hartley, James Mill, and John Stuart Mill.​

ANSWER:   Answer not provided.​

POINTS:   1

NOTES:   WWW

6. The doctrine that natural processes are mechanically determined and capable of explanation by the laws of physics and chemistry is ____.​

  a.  ​reductionism

  b.  ​materialism

  c.  ​mechanism

  d.  ​empiricism

  e.  ​positivism

ANSWER:   c

POINTS:   1

REFERENCES:   The Spirit of Mechanism

NOTES:   WWW

7. According to the textbook, the dominant idea of the 17th century was ____.​

  a.  ​Zeitgeist

  b.  ​entertainment

  c.  ​water

  d.  ​mechanism

  e.  ​making it to the 18th century

ANSWER:   d

POINTS:   1

REFERENCES:   The Spirit of Mechanism

8. The Zeitgeist of 17th- to 19th-century Europe and of the United States was marked by ____.​

  a.  ​scientific revolution

  b.  ​political revolution

  c.  ​determinism

  d.  ​humanism

  e.  ​mechanism

ANSWER:   e

POINTS:   1

REFERENCES:   The Spirit of Mechanism

9. The theories of mechanism that invoke the movement of atoms to explain the universe were developed by ____.​

  a.  ​Locke and Berkeley

  b.  ​La Mettrie and Condillac

  c.  ​Newton and Hume

  d.  ​Newton and Galileo

  e.  ​Galileo and Copernicus

ANSWER:   d

POINTS:   1

REFERENCES:   The Spirit of Mechanism

10. Which of the following ideas has psychology borrowed from natural physics?​

  a.  ​effects are predictable and measurable

  b.  ​the nature of human beings is basically good, moving toward self-actualization

  c.  ​the paradigm of the source or identity of “cause”

  d.  ​the laws of association

  e.  ​the deductive method of logic

ANSWER:   a

POINTS:   1

REFERENCES:   The Spirit of Mechanism

NOTES:   WWW