Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications 4th Edition Test Bank

Stahl’s Essential PsychopharmacologyNeuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications TESTBANK/STUDY GUIDEChapter 1 Chemical neurotransmissionMULTIPLE CHOICE1. A patient with depression mentions to the nurse, My mother says depression is achemical disorder. What does she mean? The nurses response is based on the theorythat depression primarily involves which of the following neurotransmitters?a. Cortisol and GABAb. COMT and glutamatec. Monamine and glycined. Serotonin and norepinephrineANS: DOne possible cause of depression is thought to involve one or more neurotransmitters.Serotonin and norepinephrine have been found to be important in the regulation ofdepression. There is no research to support that the other options play a significantrole in the development of depression.2. A patient has experienced a stroke (cerebral vascular accident) that has resulted indamage to the Broca area. Which evaluation does the nurse conduct to reinforce thisdiagnosis?a. Observing the patient pick up a spoonb. Asking the patient to recite the alphabetc. Monitoring the patients blood pressured. Comparing the patients grip strength in both handsANS: BAccidents or strokes that damage Brocas area may result in the inability to speak (i.e.,motor aphasia). Fine motor skills, blood pressure control, and muscle strength are notcontrolled by the Broca area of the left frontal lobe.3. The patient diagnosed with schizophrenia asks why psychotropic medications arealways prescribed by the doctor. The nurses answer will be based on information thatthe therapeutic action of psychotropic drugs is the result of their effect on:a. The temporal lobe; especially Wernickes areab. Dendrites and their ability to transmit electrical impulsesc. The regulation of neurotransmitters especially dopamined. The peripheral nervous system sensitivity to the psychotropic medications

ANS: CMedications used to treat psychiatric disorders operate in and around the synaptic cleftand have action at the neurotransmitter level, especially in the case of schizophrenia,on dopamine. The Wernickes area, dendrite function, or the sensitivity of theperipheral nervous system are not relevant to either schizophrenia or psychotropicmedications.4. A student nurse mutters that it seems entirely unnecessary to have to struggle withunderstanding the anatomy and physiology of the neurologic system. The mentorwould base a response on the understanding that it is:a.Necessary but generally for psychiatric nurses who focus primarily onbehavioral interventionsb.A complex undertaking that advance practice psychiatric nurses frequently usein their practicec.Important primarily for the nursing assessment of patients with braintraumacaused cognitive symptomsd.Necessary for planning psychiatric care for all patients especially thoseexperiencing psychiatric disordersANS: DNurses must understand that many symptoms of psychiatric disorders have aneurologic basis, although the symptoms are manifested behaviorally. Thisunderstanding facilitates effective care planning. The foundation of knowledge is notused exclusively by advanced practice psychiatric nurses nor is it relevant for onlybehavior therapies or brain trauma since dealing with the results of normal andabnormal brain function is a responsibility of all nurses providing all types of care tothe psychiatric patient.5. A patient asks the nurse, My wife has breast cancer. Could it be caused by herchronic depression? Which response is supported by research data?a. Too much stress has been proven to cause all kinds of cancer.b. There have been no research studies done on stress and disease yet.c. Stress does cause the release of factors that suppress the immune system.d. There appears to be little connection between stress and diseases of the bodyANS: CResearch indicates that stress causes a release of corticotropin-releasing factors thatsuppress the immune system. Studies indicate that psychiatric disorders such as mooddisorders are sometimes associated with decreased functioning of the immune system.Research does not support a connection between many cancers and stress. There is asignificant amount of research about stress and the body. Research has shown thatthere are some connections between stress and physical disease.