Test Bank Human Physiology From Cells to Systems 9th Edition Sherwood
Chapter 04 – Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication
1. ​Membrane potential is related to the uneven distribution of what two positively charged ions?
 a. ​salt and sugar
 b. ​calcium and magnesium
 c. ​hydrogen and oxygen
 d. ​sodium and potassium
 e. ​chloride and phosphorus
ANSWER:Â Â d
DIFFICULTY:  Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES:Â Â 4.1 Introduction to Neural Communication
LEARNINGÂ OBJECTIVES:Â Â HUPH.SHER.16.4.1 – Explain the role of membrane potential in neural communication
2. ​What are the two basic forms of electrical signals?
 a. ​high potentials and low potentials
 b. ​physical and action potentials
 c. ​graded potentials and action potentials
 d. ​graded potentials and chemical potentials
 e. ​physical potentials and chemical potentials
ANSWER:Â Â c
DIFFICULTY:  Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES:Â Â 4.1 Introduction to Neural Communication
LEARNINGÂ OBJECTIVES:Â Â HUPH.SHER.16.4.1.3 – Discuss the effect of ion movement across the plasma membrane
3. ​As the triggering event gets stronger, what type of gated channels open up more frequently or for longer duration?
 a. ​calcium channels
 b. ​sodium channels
 c. ​potassium channels
 d. ​oxygen channels
 e. ​water channels
ANSWER:Â Â b
DIFFICULTY:  Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES:Â Â 4.2 Graded Potentials
LEARNINGÂ OBJECTIVES:Â Â HUPH.SHER.16.4.2.1 – Describe the relationship between the triggering event and the resultant graded potential
4. ​What is the temporarily depolarized region of a membrane called?
 a. ​active area
 b. ​temporary area
 c. ​charged area
 d. ​depolarized area
 e. ​electrical area
ANSWER:Â Â a
DIFFICULTY:  Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES:Â Â 4.2 Graded Potentials
LEARNINGÂ OBJECTIVES:Â Â HUGH.SHER.16.4.2 – Describe current flow during a graded potential
5. ​What property do insulators demonstrate that greatly hinders the movement of electrical charge?
6. ​In general terms, what sort of distance do graded potentials die out over?
 a. ​graded distances
 b. ​active distances
 c. ​long distances
 d. ​medium distances
 e. ​short distances
ANSWER:Â Â e
DIFFICULTY:  Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES:Â Â 4.2 Graded Potentials
LEARNINGÂ OBJECTIVES:Â Â HUGH.SHER.16.4.2.3 – Explain how graded potentials die out over short distances
 a. ​high resistance
 b. ​low resistance
 c. ​high conductance
 d. ​low conductance
 e. ​absence of electrons
ANSWER:Â Â a
DIFFICULTY:  Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES:Â Â 4.2 Graded Potentials
LEARNINGÂ OBJECTIVES:Â Â HUPH.SHER.16.4.2.2 – Discuss the spread of graded potentials across the cell membrane
7. ​Depolarization from the resting potential of -70 mV proceeds slowly until it reaches a critical level known as ____.
 a. ​polarizing action
 b. ​electrical action
 c. ​depolarizing potential
 d. ​active potential
 e. ​threshold potential
ANSWER:Â Â e
DIFFICULTY:  Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES:Â Â 4.3 Action Potentials
LEARNINGÂ OBJECTIVES:Â Â HUPH.SHER.16.4.3.2 – Describe the two events that lead to the development of action potentials
8. ​Due to its recorded appearance, an action potential is often referred to a ____.
 a. ​plateau
 b. ​hockey stick
 c. ​spike
 d. ​table
 e. ​bell
ANSWER:Â Â c
DIFFICULTY:  Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES:Â Â 4.3 Action Potentials
LEARNINGÂ OBJECTIVES:Â Â HUPH.SHER.16.4.3.1 – Compare action potentials with graded potentials
9. ​Voltage-gated sodium channels can exist in how many different conformations?
 a. ​one
 b. ​two
 c. ​three
 d. ​four
 e. five
ANSWER:Â Â c
DIFFICULTY:  Bloom’s: Remember
REFERENCES:Â Â 4.3 Action Potentials
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:  HUPH.SHER.16.4.3.3 – Discuss the importance of the Na –K pump in maintaining concentration gradients
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